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CIRCULÉIRE MEMBER CASE STUDY COMPANY: ERIU WEBSITE: ERIU.EU SECTION: TEXTILES PUBLISHED: 24 APRIL 2024 TAGS: FOOD WASTE, CIRCULAR BUSINESS MODEL THE CHALLENGE Sheep farming is Ireland’s fourth most important animal enterprise ( Teagasc, 2023 ). Wool is a natural, biodegradable, and renewable fibre and is abundant in Ireland due to the key role of sheep farming. Wool was considered as an agricultural product in the EU until 2002, and it was a source of income for the farmers who operated in the sector. Wool’s categorisation altered through a series of EU regulations and is now currently classified as a Category 3 waste product alongside animal carcasses (DAFM, 2022 ). Wool must now be transferred to specialised processing facilities, which means high reprocessing costs and uncertain earnings for many farmers. All treatment of recovered materials needs to adhere to the guidelines of Ireland’s Environmental Protection Agency . This regulatory change, coupled with the rapid decline in the usage of natural fibres in favour of synthetic fibre production, resulted in the devaluation of wool. Farmers in Ireland are only paid 20 cents per kg ( DAFM, 2022 ), which is considerably less than the cost of shearing. This leaves farmers with no incentive to care for their wool or breed for wool quality. Currently, some sheep farmers are storing years’ worth of wool in their sheds or storage warehouses ( O’Riordan, 2022 ), which compromises the condition of the wool. THE CIRCULAR OPPORTUNITY Currently, synthetic, petroleum-based polymers account for two-thirds of all textile items ( Henry, Laitala and Klepp 2019 ). Laundering synthetic clothes accounts for 35% of primary microplastics released into the environment ( De Falco et al., 2019 ). Sheep wool, on the other hand, is a natural biodegradable and renewable fibre which at the end of its life poses no threat to human health or the environment ( DAFM, 2022 ). Properties in wool also allow it to be used for purposes such as fertiliser and insulation. Wool is an excellent insulator and thermo- regulator. It responds to variations in body temperature, keeping the wearer warmer when cold and cooler when warm. It is odour and wrinkle resistant, so does not need to be washed as frequently as other fibre types, conserving water, and energy ( DAFM 2023 ). According to recent studies, regenerative wool can store carbon from the environment, thereby minimising the impacts of climate change ( Colley et al., 2020 ). THE CIRCULAR SOLUTION IN PRACTICE Ériu , a 2023 CIRCULEIRE New Venture, founded in 2021, manufactures yarn from the wool that is hand-selected, processed and designed entirely in Ireland. Ériu is the first Irish knitwear brand whose products are exclusively Irish sourced and manufactured using a ‘Farm to Yarn’ sustainable initiative. Ériu contributes to the Irish economy by sourcing wool from a trusted network of farmers around Ireland, as well as from their own farm in Wicklow. They offer farmers EUR €2.50 per kg of wool, which is more than 10 times market price. Donegal Yarns processes the wool locally, and Irish knitters in Dublin make it. Aside from local collaborations, they have established their own facility for processing wool on the farm which they intend to roll out in stages. The first stage is scouring, where they will wash the wool softly and sustainably using biodiverse methods. They already have equipment for additional stages, which will further enable an expansion of their Farm-to- Yarn networks to source and incentivise more wool collection, and create more opportunities for an expanding range of wool products. REPLICABILITY The global wool market is expected to grow from $37.06 billion in 2022 to $45.05 billion in 2027 ( The Business Research Company, 2023 ). As consumers are becoming more conscious of the environmental degradation caused by synthetic textile production there has been a rise in demand for sustainable and ethically produced textiles ( Granskog et al., 2020 ). In light of these factors, Irish wool is expected to hold significant potential for the textile sector’s sustainable transition. Ériu has an unparalleled opportunity to be at the forefront of revitalising the Irish wool market. As circularity in the textiles and fashion sector continues to be encouraged, a few companies worth mentioning include: Infinited Fiber , a Finnish company that has developed a technology that converts textile waste into a premium-quality circular textile fibre, which reduces the world’s reliance on virgin raw materials. Our Choice Fashion, based in Luxemburg, manufactures circular leather sneakers that are 100% plastic free, repairable, and recyclable. ALL CASE STUDIES

CIRCULÉIRE MEMBER CASE STUDY COMPANY: USEDFULLY WEBSITE: T EXTILEREUSE.COM SECTION: TEXTILE PUBLISHED: 24 APRIL 2024 TAGS: FOOD WASTE, CIRCULAR BUSINESS MODEL THE CHALLENGE Textiles are an essential aspect of daily life, encompassing a diverse range of products ranging from clothing, footwear, towels, bedlinen, and upholstery to healthcare items and industrial materials. The existing textile production, distribution, and use system is linear, with most textiles being used for a limited time before ending up as waste, which is often disposed of in landfills or incinerated. Currently, less than half of all used clothing is collected for reuse or recycling, while only 1% is transformed into new clothing ( Guillot, 2023 ). Furthermore, the fashion industry is estimated to contribute 10% of global carbon emissions, which is more than international flights and maritime shipping combined ( Guillot, 2023 ). Ireland generates approximately 170,000 tonnes of post-consumer textile waste per year ( EPA, 2021 ), corresponding to about 35 kg per capita, which is greater than the reported European Union (EU) average of 26 kg per person per year ( EPA, 2021 ). THE CIRCULAR OPPORTUNITY In the process of road construction, natural cellulose fibres (made from wood) are commonly added to asphalt mixes to minimise binder drain-down ( Aljubory et al., 2021 ). Binder drain- down occurs when the asphalt separates from the aggregate particles and flows downward when exposed to high temperatures during the mixing and laying processes. This can affect the overall performance and durability of the road. In the textile industry, a significant amount of cellulose is wasted in the form of used cotton clothing, sheeting, and towels. Using this source of cellulose for road construction reduces the quantity of textile waste going to landfill, saves funding, lowers carbon emissions from cellulose importation, and decreases deforestation. ABOUT USEDFULLY UsedFULLY develops industrial scale textile waste-to-value solutions. The fully scalable technology converts large volumes of waste textiles into higher value products through proprietary processes and formulas that utilise continuous, solvent-free ambient-temperature methods. UsedFULLY’s flagship product is StrengthTex®, a fit-for-purpose cellulose replacement product for roads and the construction industry. UsedFULLY successfully utilised StrengthTex® in May 2022 on a central city road in Wellington, New Zealand. In another use for textile waste UsedFULLY, in partnership with Moral Fibre and Air New Zealand, created recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from polyester clothing. PET is a recyclable plastic commonly used to produce disposable beverage bottles. They transformed the Air New Zealand staff uniforms into recycled PET which can then be used as a raw material for products from furniture to keyboard keys thereby reducing the need to produce plastic from virgin materials. UsedFULLY also offers additional services including: A platform that generates data on the environmental and financial impacts of clothing at end-of-use for optimal resource management. Textiles and clothing are registered on the platform, and when garments are decommissioned, the UsedFULLY platform connects these resources to their solutions generating metrics on volumes reused and the associated environmental impacts. Fibre scanning equipment that uses spectroscopy to validate the composition of textiles, using a handheld scanner. This small device can test, validate, and provide reports on the composition of textiles and fibres. REPLICABILITY Each year, 99% of used clothing goes to waste representing a loss of more than USD $100 billion in resources (UNEP, 2023). Shifting to circular business models is critical for reducing the environmental and climate change impacts of textiles saving on raw materials, energy, water and land consumption, emissions, and waste ( EEA, 2022 ). Other Irish company’s making a business from used textiles include: Cirtex , a CIRCULEIRE member producing thermal and acoustic insulation, bedding and furniture padding, water retention growth pads, and flooring and carpet underlay from used mattresses. OCEANR , an Irish company that manufactures clothing out of plastics collected from the ocean. Titanic Denim , based in Belfast, creates luxury bespoke garments using reclaimed denim and textiles. ALL CASE STUDIES

Our Members Bank of Ireland 2 College Green, Temple Bar, Dublin, Ireland NA NA https://www.bankofireland.com/ Financial Services Well Spent Grain Greenhills Road, Greenhills, Dublin 12, Ireland +353 '(0)86 171 4815 NA https://well-spent-grain.com/ Agri-Food Know Carbon 12 Clarinda Park East, Dún Laoghaire, Dublin, Co. Dublin, A96 PP78, Ireland +353 (0)86 851 4503 eamonn.galvin@knowcarbon.com https://knowcarbon.com/ ICT/EEE Wyeth Nutrition Askeaton, County Limerick, Ireland +353 (0)61 601 200 askeaton.security@wyethnutrition.com https://www.wyethnutrition.com/ Agri-Food & Drink Arcology Service Fern Road, Sandyford, Dublin, Ireland +353 (0)87 065 7450 info@arcologyint.com http://www.arcologysystem.com/ Built Environment Masonite Derryoughter, County Leitrim, N41 CC94, Ireland +353 (0)71 965 9500 NA https://www.masonite.com/ Built Environment Farrell Furntiture John Street, Ardee, County Louth, Ireland +353 (0)41 685 3418 info@farrell-furniture.com https://farrell-furniture.com/ Consumer Goods Decotek Automotive Mullingar Road, Collinstown, County Westmeath, Ireland +353 (0)44 966 6600 info@decotek.com https://decotek.com/ Automotive Wisetek Ballincolly, Cork, T23 RX03, Ireland +353 21 455 6920 enquiries@wisetek.net https://wisetek.net/ ICT/EEE IFF Plastics Ltd Cloonwhite North, County Clare, Ireland +353 (0)65 9050773 info@iff.ie https://iff.ie/ Second-Life Enablers

CIRCULÉIRE MEMBER CASE STUDY COMPANY: DELTAQ WEBSITE: DELTAQ.IE SECTION: PLASTICS PUBLISHED: 24 APRIL 2024 TAGS: FOOD WASTE, CIRCULAR BUSINESS MODEL DELTAQ - A CIRCULÉIRE MEMBER DeltaQ is a leading supply partner to the plastic manufacturing industry in Ireland. They work with their industry clients to analyse the technical needs of their products and then provide additives and compounds that give those products a wide variety of special properties, such as colour, strength, flexibility, temperature resistance etc. Their customers come from all sectors ranging from medical supplies to the construction industry. DeltaQ prioritises sustainability and strives to assist Ireland in reaching its climate targets. Restructuring their shipments of materials from suppliers and product delivery processes was one of the steps they implemented to lessen their environmental impacts. TACKLING PALLET & PACKAGING WASTE In the past, when DeltaQ received their supplies, they arrived on a range of different sized wooden pallets. The size of these pallets frequently differed from the standard sizes that DeltaQ uses to ship their own finished products. Moreover, the supplies were individually packaged in 20kg plastic bags which were then wrapped in another layer of plastic for protection during transportation and delivery. In between the pallet and the supplies was a thick custom branded cardboard skirt. All this single use packaging created significant waste. DeltaQ’s sustainability team saw value in addressing the financial and environmental costs associated with their disposal. IMPACT TO DATE DeltaQ identified products that they manufacture for which their supplier pallets could be re-used. This allowed the pallets to be redistributed to their customers rather than being thrown away. Previously, non-standard pallets were disposed of through a waste recycling provider. Through this initiative, DeltaQ has prevented the waste of 213 pallets since the beginning of 2023.A EUR sized wooden pallet has a partial carbon footprint equivalent to 5kg of CO2 ( Deviatkin, 2019 ). Meaning that DeltaQ has prevented approximately 1065kg of carbon emissions, or 2730 miles driven by an average petrol powered passenger vehicle ( epa.gov 2023 ). DeltaQ also initiated a broader packaging review. They shifted to semi-bulk deliveries for key ingredients, which reduced the net number of pallets received and incurred more standard sizes. The transition to semi-bulk containers also resulted in a net reduction in plastic packaging waste as supplies are now shipped in one large container instead of packaged individually and there is no need for external plastic wrapping. Where possible, DeltaQ requests that supplies are delivered in large unbranded cardboard boxes. Cardboard and un- branded packaging is easier to recycle and re-use. Also, the semi-bulk packaging either has a thin cardboard skirt or has none. The removal of pallet skirts has had an initial 30% reduction in cardboard use. To further reduce cardboard waste, DeltaQ identified finished products for which they can reuse stock cardboard arriving with supplies. Furthermore, shifting to semi- bulk packaging allowed them to automate the material handling process, reducing manual labour and creating a better work environment for employees. REPLICATION / SCALABILITY POTENTIAL DeltaQ has already begun to explore other avenues for re-use of their packaging. This process means engaging with and educating their own clients on the value of semi-bulk packaging and the use of packaging from recycled streams. Starting conversations like these, with customers and suppliers, can have a ripple effect further up and down the supply chain, encouraging others to look at their own sustainability and environmental impacts. Reusing packaging and packing materials is one of the simplest ways for businesses to reduce their environmental impact, and is easily replicable. A noteworthy example is Freefoam , another Circuléire member that reuses pallet hoods and liners. ALL CASE STUDIES

CIRCULÉIRE MEMBER CASE STUDY COMPANY: REvolve WEBSITE: REVOLVEFLEET.COM SECTION: AUTOMOTIVE PUBLISHED: 24 APRIL 2024 TAGS: FOOD WASTE, CIRCULAR BUSINESS MODEL THE CHALLENGE Every year, an estimated 8 to 9 million tonnes of waste is generated from the disposal of End-of-Life Vehicles (ELVs) ( EPA , 2023 ). That’s equivalent to the weight of approximately 19,000 Boeing 747s. In addition, around 3.5 million vehicles disappear without a trace from EU roads each year, and are exported, or disposed of illegally ( EC , 2023 ). Since 2015, EU Member States are required to meet rates of ≥85% for reuse-and-recycling and ≥95% for reuse and recovery ( Eurostat, 2023 ). An estimated 145,628 ELVs were treated in Ireland in 2021, equating to an estimated 154,365 tonnes of waste. That’s about the same weight as 345 Boeing 747s. In 2021, Ireland achieved a reuse and recycling rate of 87.81% compared with the EU target of 85% and a reuse and recovery rate of 95.74% compared with the EU target of 95% ( EPA , 2023 ). The production of vehicles is one of the most resource- intensive industries. The automotive industry in the EU is the number one consumer of aluminium (42%), magnesium (44%), platinum group metals (63%), natural rubber (67%) and rare earth elements (30% and growing exponentially) ( EC , 2023 ). THE CIRCULAR OPPORTUNITY With so many critical raw materials tied up in the production of vehicles the EU has prioritised the implementation of circular economy principles to recover those materials and to reduce the environmental impact of their disposal and the need for replacing them with virgin materials. THE CIRCULAR SOLUTION IN PRACTICE REvolve , is an independent technology- driven supply chain solution aimed at streamlining the sourcing of green auto parts for automotive businesses. Green auto parts are undamaged Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) parts that have been taken from a vehicle during the disassembly and recycling process which can be reused for the repair of vehicles still in service. REvolve brings together green auto parts suppliers (vehicle recyclers) and green auto parts consumers (insurers, repairers, fleets, etc.) from across Ireland and the United Kingdom in a structured, value-driven manner. To ensure that only the highest-quality green parts enter the repair cycle, all REvolve-supplied green parts are graded to the Vehicle Remarketing Association (VRA) standards. The REvolve OS technology platform, which interfaces seamlessly with clients’ workflows to deliver feasible and value- driven green parts solutions in seconds, is at the heart of the market-leading service. REvolve provides measurable net carbon emissions savings, sustainability impacts and commercial savings. Opting for green auto parts prevents the need for new parts to be manufactured, therefore creating significant energy and resource savings. It also prevents high quality used parts from ending up in landfills. Reusing vehicle parts saves approximately 35.3 gigajoules of energy and 1,887 kg of CO2 per vehicle ( Sato, 2018 ). An Garda Síochána, the Irish police force, saved the equivalent of 38,477 kg of CO2 in 2022 by acquiring 551 reclaimed vehicle parts of various makes and models. They aquired the parts for its fleet from REvolve’s partner Ted4Parts, as opposed to purchasing newly made vehicle parts. This is an average savings of 94% net carbon dioxide equivalent for An Garda Síochána ( M otoring Matters, 2023 ). REPLICABILITY The automotive industry accounts for more than 7% of the EU’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) ( EC, 2023 ). The EU’s ELV Directive sets clear targets for ELVs and their components. It also prohibits the use of hazardous substances when manufacturing new vehicles (especially lead, mercury, cadmium and hexavalent chromium) except in defined exemptions when there are no adequate alternatives ( EC, 2023 ). Furthermore, consumer expectations are shifting, emphasising the importance of sustainable practises. REvolve has successfully integrated a circular business model into a thriving automobile market in order to reduce CO2 emissions and virgin resource use, while also helping Ireland reach its targets under the ELV Directive. Repair, recovery, and reuse are becoming more prevalent as nations aim to achieve their climate targets. Some examples worth mentioning include: Norsk Ombruk a Norwegian household electronic appliance remanufacturing firm that was established in 2014. Synetiq a car salvage, green auto parts supplier, vehicle repairing, and automobile software solutions provider based in the UK and founded in 1939. ALL CASE STUDIES

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WHAT WE DO CIRCULAR BUSINESS SUPPORTS KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE & POLICY ENGAGEMENTS ECOSYSTEM COLLABORATION CIRCULAR ECONOMY POLICY THOUGHT LEADERSHIP CASE STUDIES KNOWLEDGE HUB European Circular Economy Policy EU Green Deal (EGD, 12/2019) The EU Green Deal is Europe’s roadmap for making the EU’s economy sustainable – tackling climate and environmental-related challenges through a new growth strategy. It outlines the European Commissions’ commitment to make Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. The Green Deal defines key actions, investments, and support mechanisms to support people, businesses, and regions transition to a circular economy, restoring biodiversity and cutting pollution. European Industrial Strategy (2020) The EU’s Industrial Strategy seeks to transform industry making Europe’s businesses future-fit by becoming greener, more circular (the Green Transition) and more digital (the Digital Transition) while remaining globally competitive. It emphasises the importance of leveraging the impact of the EU Single Market to drive innovation and set global standards and outlines a new SME Strategy to encourage innovation, cut red tape and provide better access to finance. EU Circular Economy Action Plan (2020) The EU Circular Economy Action Plan (CEAP 2.0) is part of the European Green Deal. It outlines a range of measures to enable sustainable products to become the EU norm starting with the following key value chains: Electronics and ICT; Batteries and Vehicles; Packaging; Plastics; Textiles; Construction, Food, Water and Nutrients. The CEAP 2.0 in conjunction with other policy frameworks aims to ensure a joined-up approach to circularity in Europe. EU Waste Framework Directive (2018) The EU Waste Framework Directive was adopted in 2008 to regulate and reduce the quantity of waste being produced in Europe. It has undergone several amendments, the latest in 2018. It defined the waste management hierarchy; explains when waste becomes a secondary raw material; encourages the reuse of products and design of products with recycled content and outlines targets for the recycling of key materials. In 2023, the EU Commission proposed a targeted amendment of the Directive, with a focus on textiles and food waste. The proposal aims to bring a more circular and sustainable management of textile waste as well as introducing EPR schemes for textiles in all EU Member States. In June 2024 the Council adopted its general approach on the Revision proposed which allows the new EU presidency to continue the process for the final text under the new legislative cycle. EU Farm to Fork Strategy (2020) The Farm to Fork Strategy is a key part of the European Green Deal and outlines how food production systems in Europe can be reshaped to ensure healthy, environmentally- friendly and fair food for all citizens. It seeks to deploy circularity in bio-based value chains, and focuses on carbon intensity, protection of soil, air, water, and reversing biodiversity loss. The strategy also seeks to ensure that fair economic returns for producers and affordable prices for end-customers. Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (2023) The Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD) entered into force on the 5th of January 2023. It modernizes and strengthens the non-financial reporting rules concerning social and environmental information companies must report. It also broadens the set of companies that must report to include listed SMEs and non-EU companies that generate over 150 million EUR on the EU market. Companies subject to CSRD will have to report according to the ESRS standards, and the first companies will have to apply the new rules when reporting in 2025. Ecodesign for Sustainable Products Regulation (2024) The new Ecodesign for Sustainable Regulation (ESPR) entered into force on the 18th of July 2024. It builds on the Ecodesign Directive (2009/125/EC) and aims to promote more environmentally sustainable and circular products. The ESPR establishes a framework to set eco-design requirements for specific product groups to improve their circularity, energy performance, and other environmental sustainability aspects. The ESPR also introduces the Digital Product Passport (DPP) (art.9), a tool to provide comprehensive digital information about a product’s sustainability throughout its entire lifecycle. Right to Repair Directive (2024) The Right to Repair Directive adopted by the European Council on the 30th of May of 2024 aims to ensure that consumers are able to seek repair instead of replacement when a product is broken or defective. Some of its main elements are: incentives for producers to prolong life cycles of products, a right for consumers to request that manufacturers repair products that are technically repairable under EU law, a free-of-charge EU repair information form, and online repair platform to connect consumers with repairs and the extension by 12 months of the seller’s liability period after the repair of a product. National Circular Economy Policy Climate Action Plan (2019) Ireland’s first Climate Action Plan was published in 2019, to address the impacts of climate disruption. It includes a chapter on Waste and the Circular Economy. This is the first time an Irish policy recognized the need to adopt circular economy principles and mandated the development of a Circular Economy Policy and Action Plan for Ireland, inspired by the EU’s Circular Economy Action Plan. Climate Action & Low Carbon Development Act (2021) The Climate Action and Low Carbon Development Act turn climate commitment into a law and set out a specific target for Ireland of net-zero emissions no later than 2050 and to a 51% reduction in emissions by 2030, doubling the ambition of the 2019 Action Plan. The Climate Action Plan 2021 set out a detailed sectoral roadmap to achieve Ireland’s net-zero targets. This Plan is revised and updated yearly. Waste Action Plan for Circular Economy (2020) The Waste Action Plan for Circular Economy is Ireland's strategic waste planning and management roadmap. This plan aims to move away from a waste disposal focus and promote a circular economy, preserving resources for longer. The plan outlines the sector's role in achieving the CAP 2019 and includes measures and targets for various waste areas. Additionally, the plan promises to publish a Whole-Government Circular Economy Strategy Whole of Government Circular Economy Strategy (2022-23) The Whole Government Circular Economy Strategy published in December 2021 is Ireland's first national strategy which establishes a policy framework to guide the transition towards a circular economy in all sectors and encourages public sector leadership in embracing circularity. In the strategy, the concept of a circular economy is explained, along with the reasons why Ireland must achieve it, and how national policy will be developed to support this objective. The next Whole of Government CE Strategy is anticipated to undergo public consultation and go before government before the end of 2024. Circular Economy & Miscellaneous Provisions Act (2022) The Circular Economy Act 2022 is a landmark legislation in Ireland that defines the Circular Economy for the first time in Irish domestic law. It establishes comprehensive regulations and economic measures to help Ireland transition into circularity. The Act places the Circular Economy Strategy on a statutory footing, making the ongoing development of circular economy policy a legal requirement of the Government. It also re-designates the existing Environment Fund as a Circular Economy Fund to support environmental and circular economy projects. National Food Waste Prevention Roadmap (2023-2025) The National Food Waste Prevention Roadmap sets out actions to achieve a reduction of 50% in Ireland's food waste by 2030. The development of this roadmap was one of the commitments in Ireland's Waste Action Plan for Circular Economy (2020). The Food Waste Prevention Roadmap sets out priority actions to focus on food waste prevention across key sectors in the food supply chain. It also looks at the role of the public sector in tackling food waste by improving procurement practices. National Bioeconomy Action Plan (2023) In 2018, as part of Project Ireland 2040, the government published the first National Policy Statement on the Bioeconomy which set out a vision, common principles, strategic objectives, and an implementation framework to develop the bioeconomy across relevant sectors. It established a Bioeconomy Implementation Group (BIG), co-chaired by DECC and DAFM. The subsequent National Bioeconomy Action Plan 2023-2025 has a strong focus on bringing sustainable scientific practices, technologies, and biobased innovation into use on farms and by biobased industries in Ireland – including leveraging circularity principles. National Waste Management Plan for Circular Economy (2024-30) The National Waste Management Plan for Circular Economy, published in March 2024, sets out the framework for the prevention and management of waste in Ireland from 2024 to 2030. The Plan outlines specific targets, policies, and actions to accelerate the transition toward a circular economy. It includes circular economy targets such as reuse, repair, and resource consumption. Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan 2024-2027 (2024) The Green Public Procurement Strategy and Action Plan for the period 2024-207 was published in Ireland on the 4th of April of 2024. It aims to enhance sustainable procurement practices within the public sector, leveraging its substantial purchasing power to drive environmental and circular objectives. This plan replaces the “Green Tenders” policy and aligns with broader national circular and climate strategies. Key components include setting sector-specific targets, implementing comprehensive monitoring and reporting mechanism, providing training and awareness program and fostering market engagement and innovation. Sectoral Guides Sectoral Guides are resources that provide information, guidance, and best practice examples in a particular industry or sector. Our Good Practice Sectoral Guides series aim to educate and highlight the best Circular Economy practices in a variety of sectors. They are essential reading for both industry and policy stakeholders who are invested in the progression of a Circular Economy in Ireland. 2023 Towards a Circular Economy of Water This guide equips industry leaders with practical Circular Economy of Water (CEW) strategies, empowering them to drive sustainability and resource efficiency. Policymakers, gain insights and industry perspectives to accelerate CEW implementation through collaborative action. 2022 Circular Road and Rail Good Practice Sectoral Guide We explore global innovations in circular road & rail, sparking inspiration for Ireland's future. Industry leaders, discover practical strategies to optimise resource use and minimise waste. Policymakers, gain insights into international circular economy success stories shaping the future of mobility. 2022 Circular ICT /EEE Good Practice Sectoral Guide This guide empowers you to navigate the circular ICT & EEE shift and to discover best practices, funding opportunities, and educational resources to fuel your transition. We identify key barriers and learn from Irish companies leading the way. Policymakers will find insights to design supportive regulations and incentives. 2022 Circular Aviation Good Practice Sectoral Guide This guide showcases global innovations that are transforming the aviation industry towards circularity. Irish stakeholders will discover how to adopt these circular practices to optimise resource use and reduce waste. Policymakers will gain insights into international policies that are driving positive change in aviation sustainability. 2022 Circular Maritime & Shipping Good Practice Sectoral Guide Discover global innovations transforming the Irish shipping industry towards circularity. Explore practical strategies to optimise resource use and reduce waste. For broader industries relying on Ireland's sea links, learn more about the potential to minimize your Scope 3 emissions. 2021 Circular Food & Drinks Good Practice Sectoral Guide We explore cutting-edge innovations revolutionising the food & drinks industry. Discover Irish and global best practices to minimise waste, optimise resources, and embrace circularity. Unleash new opportunities for your business while protecting our planet. 2021 Circular Construction & Built Environment Good Practice Sectoral Guide We explore innovative solutions transforming construction globally, from recycled materials to modular design. Irish stakeholders, discover practical ways to optimise resources and minimise waste in your projects. 2021 Circular Fashion & Textiles Good Practice Sectoral Guide Explore innovative solutions reshaping fashion globally, from recycled materials to upcycling trends. Irish stakeholders, unlock opportunities to close the loop and minimise textile waste. 2021 Circular Agriculture & Biobased Industries Sectoral Good Practice Guide Discover global pioneers driving the circular shift in agriculture and biobased industries. Irish stakeholders, unleash your potential to reduce waste, optimise resources, and unlock new business models. Embrace a more sustainable future for Ireland's agricultural & biobased landscape. Thematic Working Groups Each year CIRUCLÉIRE designs and deliver Thematic Working Group interactive sessions based on topics chosen by our network participants to support their transition to the circular economy. ​ The aim of Thematic Working Groups is to: ​ Demystify the circular economy, raising awareness of relevant policy and industry best practices to equip businesses to make informed decisions Unlock the opportunities and barriers to scaling up circular innovation in Ireland Co-develop actionable outputs and recommendations to support the transition of Irish Industry towards circularity Foster collaboration, knowledge sharing, and networking amongst the CIRCULÉIRE network and key stakeholders in Ireland’s circular economy ecosystem Share a pipeline of circular opportunities to inspire circular innovation in Irish industry ​ Our Thematic Working Groups are delivered by the CIRCULÉIRE team within Irish Manufacturing Research, in collaboration with select expert facilitators or guest speakers. A multi-sectoral panel including industry representatives, policy makers, regulators, and academics are guided through a collaborative peer learning and knowledge-sharing process to obtain a detailed understanding of the selected topic.​ 2023 2022 2021 2020 Circular Economy, Product Lifecycle Thinking & Sustainable Product Regulation Designing products and services with a circular economy mindset, considering the entire lifecycle of products from design to disposal, and creating value through sustainable and innovative business practices. Contributors: Aisling McCarthy Dept Enterprise, Trade, and Employment Vojtech Vosecky Circle Economy Digitalisation & Digital Product Passport Using latest digital technologies to optimise the use of resources, reduce waste, and increase efficiency in the supply chain. Importance of data-driven decision-making and how digitisation can support transparency and traceability in the supply chain, as well as ensuring your business is ready to adapt to future EU regulatory changes such as Digital Product Passports. Contributors: Amba Concheso DSS+ Dr Rembrant Kopplaar EcoWise Measuring Circularity Exploring the main measurement approaches and tools for measuring circularity, such as life cycle assessment, material flow analysis, and circularity indicators. Outlining the process of measuring progress in the circular economy, and whether and how impact is highly dependent on the goals, reach, and target audiences of circular economy practitioners. Contributors: Shane Colgan EEA Dr John Gallagher TCD Circular Packaging Packaging waste is a key priority highlighted in both the EU Circular Economy Action Plan and the Irish Waste Action Plan for a Circular Economy . The plans identify packaging as a prime target for the Extended Producer Responsibility model, placing the onus on producers to minimize waste. ​ In 2021, packaging waste generated in the EU was estimated at 18.7kg per inhabitant with significant variations between countries. Irish inhabitants are amongst the top generators of packaging waste across Europe producing 1.2 million tonnes. ​ The Circular Packaging Thematic Working Group, co-designed and delivered by CIRCULÉIRE and Mabbett & Associates Ltd guided participants through a series of meetings, ideation workshops and webinars. These sessions aimed at identifying circular innovation opportunities where Irish industry can reduce or replace their primary, secondary and tertiary packaging waste with more re-usable, re-fillable or recyclable packaging systems. Expert Co- Facilitators: Mabbett & Associates Ltd Circular Plastics While plastics offer advantages like affordability, durability, and versatility, their single-use nature and low recycling rates create significant challenges. These challenges include lost material value, harm to wildlife, and negative impacts on our environment and health. Out of 30 million tonnes of plastic waste collected annually in Europe, only 5 million are recycled into new products. The remaining plastic is incinerated, landfilled, or exported. ​ To meet the ambitious European Green Deal objectives, much more plastic waste needs to be recycled and more sustainable, non-toxic and viable material substitutes also need to be found. The chemical industry plays a crucial role in this transition by advancing all forms of plastic recycling – mechanical, chemical, and organic. Similarly, emerging innovations in green chemistry are leading the way for industry to substitute fossil-fuel derived plastics with non-toxic, bio-based alternatives from renewable sources. ​ The Circular Plastics Thematic Working Group, delivered by CIRCULÉIRE in collaboration with TUS’s Material Research Institute, guided participants through a series of meetings, ideation workshops and webinars aimed at identifying industry-led innovation opportunities to circularise Ireland’s plastics economy. Expert Co- Facilitators: TUS’s Material Research Institute Circular Design Circular design, a core principle of the circular economy, is a key priority in both the EU Circular Economy Action Plan and Ireland's Waste Action Plan for a Circular Economy. Crucial for developing sustainable products and services, circular design focuses on repairability, recyclability, and readily available spare parts. This allows existing products to be redesigned for a circular economy, minimizing waste throughout the value chain. design for repair and recycling; including availability of spare parts, and removing barriers to reuse and repair, so that current products and services can be redesigned with circularity at their core. ​ Furthermore, circular design plays an important role in enabling producers to design out waste and pollution. It also features prominently in the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) measures contained in the Government of Ireland’s Waste Action Plan for a Circular Economy, which recognises the importance of eco and smart design. ​ The Circular Design Thematic Working Group, designed and delivered by CIRUCLÉIRE in collaboration with Dr Simon O’Rafferty of M-CO guided participants through a series of meetings, ideation workshops and webinars that shared circular innovation opportunities, highlighting major barriers that hold back circular design in Ireland and what’s needed to overcome them. Moreover, it provided an incentive to producers to design products that contribute to waste prevention and facilitate recycling by considering their durability, reparability, reusability, recyclability and the presence of hazardous substances. Expert Co- Facilitators: Dr Simon O’Rafferty M-CO End-of-Waste, By-Products & Waste Licensing Pathfinder End-of-waste and by-product notifications play a key role in fostering circular economy in Ireland. They establish a marketplace for diverse secondary raw materials, improve resource management, encourage symbiotic industrial practices, and divert resources from landfills. ​ By keeping valuable materials circulating within the economy, successful end-of-waste and by-product applications can significantly reduce the environmental burden of waste disposal. However, a lack of understanding around policy regulation of end-of-waste and by-products is a barrier to engagement and successful applications in Irish Industries. ​ To address this, CIRCULÉIRE and expert facilitator Karl Hylands of Re-Mine Limited, guided participants through a series of meetings, including two ideation workshops, a policy roundtable and a webinar. These sessions aimed to unlock the potential of using end-of-waste and by-products & waste licensing to advance circular economy in Ireland. Expert Co-Facilitators: Karl Hylands Re-Mine Ltd Financing the Circular Economy The transition to a circular economy hinges on increased access to circular finance and funding. Yet for both industry and the financial sectors significant hurdles still exist. ​ Current regulations, markets, and financing practices are geared towards linear economic models. Risk assessments fail to account for the positive externalities of circular business models, often perceiving them as risky and not bankable, hindering access to funding. ​ While an increasing number of circular finance instruments are coming on stream, there is a need to take a holistic, pipeline approach to developing the funding and financial landscape that caters to the diverse needs of circular businesses. Additionally, developing financial instruments and risk assessment tools specifically designed for circular innovations is essential to raise awareness and educate the financial sector is essential for transition to occur. ​ In this Thematic Working Group, CIRCULÉIRE in collaboration with expert facilitators Elizabeth Gavin and Kate Van Der Merwe, brought together key stakeholders together from industry and the financial, funding and enterprise support ecosystem to jointly explore what opportunities there are to optimise the circular finance & funding landscape, so that it best supports Irish industry’s transition to a circular economy. Expert Co- Facilitators: Elizabeth Gavin Eur Digital Village /Kilpatrick Innovation Kate Van Der Merwe Circular Bioeconomy The terms "bioeconomy" and "circular economy" have become hot topics in recent years, offering promising solutions to environmental challenges like climate change and pollution, while fostering economic and regional development. ​ The European Bioeconomy Strategy defines it as "the production of renewable biological resources and their conversion into food, feed, bio-based products, and bioenergy" (2012). This encompasses a wide range of sectors, including agriculture, forestry, and even parts of the chemical and energy industries. ​ Ireland has abundant bioresources that presents immense opportunities for the development of a circular bioeconomy. To explore these opportunities, the CIRCULÉIRE Circular Bioeconomy Thematic Working Group collaborated with the Irish Bioeconomy Foundation to guide participants through a series of meetings, ideation workshops and webinars to explore the opportunities available in Ireland and the broader EU. Expert Co- Facilitators: Irish Bioeconomy Foundation Industrial Symbiosis Industrial Symbiosis – one company or sector using the underutilised resources from another to keep the resources in productive use for longer – can boost economic, environmental, and social benefits, while accelerating the transition to a circular economy. ​ To promote the uptake of industrial symbiosis in Ireland, CIRCULÉIRE in collaboration with Internation Synergies, introduced participants to the concept and implementation of industrial symbiosis in Ireland. This was done through guided meetings, ideation workshops, and webinars that included examples of industry best practice and an exploration of innovative opportunities. Expert Co- Facilitators: International Synergies Circular Procurement Circular procurement goes beyond simply buying products and services. It's a strategic process where organisations source works, goods, or services that contribute to closed-loop supply chains. Minimising negative environmental impacts and waste throughout the entire life cycle, from acquisition to disposal. ​ While the public sector has embraced procurement as policy tool to drive sustainability, many private sector organisations are unknowingly implementing circular procurement in their purchasing practices. Market collaboration, life-cycle assessments, total cost of ownership (TCO) and total costs of usership (TCU) models, green and circular criteria in specifications, and end-of-life product management are all examples of circular procurement in action. ​ In this Thematic Working Group, CIRCULÉIRE and expert facilitators, IDDEA, guided participants through a series of meetings, ideation workshops and webinars that shared circular innovation opportunities and understanding the current and future circular procurement opportunities in Ireland. Expert Co- Facilitators: IDDEA Case Studies Our collection of case studies present inspirational examples of how our members in Ireland, and businesses from all over the world, are leading the charge in transforming our economy to one that minimises environmental damage while maximising economic value. ​ Our case studies cover some of the actions taken by organisations who are only beginning their journey to circularity, right the way up to global leaders well advanced on the path. Wherever you are on your own journey, there is inspiration here for everyone. AUTOMOTIVE BUILT ENVIRONMENT FOOD ELECTRONICS PLASTICS TEXTILES Knowledge Library CIRCULÉIRE's open-access knowledge library is the central hosting spot for a wide range of circular economy resources, including: ​ Case Studies Best Practice Guides Key Design Guides Circular Economy Policy Documents National & EU Circular Economy Action Plans and Strategies And much more… ​ Whether you are a captain of industry, an entrepreneur with a great idea, or a policy maker signposting the way, there is something useful here for you. Go to Library

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CIRCULÉIRE The National Platform for Circular Innovation Get Involved €1.5m Invested in 10 Circular Innovation Pilot Demonstrations ​ €130k Invested in supporting 26 Circular New Ventures to date ​ 50+ Active Members ​ ​ 19 Circularity Action Plans and Assessments Delivered ​ 10 Thematic Working Groups delivered for Collaborative Knowledge Sharing CIRCULÉIRE is Ireland's First Circular Innovation Network. Our mission is to demystify, derisk, and deliver circular business model innovation by unlocking the value that resides in an Irish circular economy. CIRCULÉIRE is a multi-million euro cross-sectoral, industry-led public-private partnership that provides Industry with the necessary supports and expertise to drive their systems-level circular innovation. ​ Irish Manufacturing Research (IMR) (Secretariat) in conjunction with three public sector Strategic Partners (Department of the Environment, Climate and Communications (DECC); the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); and EIT Climate-KIC ), and 25 Founding Industry Members (MNCs and SMEs alike) soft-launched the programme in January 202O as a pilot initiative. ​ Building on the impacts achieved by the pilot initiative from 2020 to 2022, the Department of Environment, Climate, and Communications became the primary public funder of CIRCULÉIRE in 2023. This support enables the continued scaling of industry-led circular innovation while leveraging existing expertise and activities within the national circular innovation ecosystem. ​ We work across multiple Industry sectors and are stewarding over 50 organisations and their supply-chains on a journey from linear to circular business models. CIRCULAR BUSINESS SUPPORTS We accelerate organisations’ Circular Transformation to meet ESG and net-zero goals LEARN MORE KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE & POLICY ENGAGEMENTS We facilitate learning and capacity building and demystify policy and regulation to drive circular innovation LEARN MORE ECOSYSTEM COLLABORATION We are a dynamic Cross-Sectoral Industry Network committed to scaling circularity LEARN MORE Featured Case Studies Eriu From 'Yarn to Farm' at a Fair Price Read Case Study Ériu, founded in 2021, manufactures yarn from the wool that is hand-selected, processed and designed entirely in Ireland. Ériu is the first Irish knitwear brand whose products are exclusively Irish sourced and manufactured using a ‘Farm to Yarn’ sustainable initiative. Arcology System Reconfigurable Interior Building System Read Case Study Arcology System is a smart and data-driven interior construction system that offers modularity and adaptability, unlocking circular economy value in how commercial fit-outs are financed, designed, procured, built, and managed for REITs, developers, and end-users. REvolve Platform for Green Auto Parts Read Case Study REvolve is an independent technology- driven supply chain solution that streamlines the sourcing of green auto parts for automotive businesses. It was established through a partnership between Ted4Parts, a vehicle recycling, green auto parts and repair service provider, and Mackessy Technology, an IT service provider. DeltaQ Reducing & Reusing Pallets & Packaging Read Case Study DeltaQ prioritises sustainability and strives to assist Ireland in reaching its climate targets. Restructuring their shipments of materials from suppliers and product delivery processes was one of the steps they implemented to lessen their environmental impacts. Featured News Speakers Announced for CIRCULÉIRE 2024 Annual Conference Exploring Circular Economy Innovation: CIRCULÉIRE at Autumn 2024 Conferences Ireland's Circularity Gap Report has Launched Upcoming Events ESG Autumn Summit 2024 Wed, 20 Nov Dublin 3 20 Nov 2024, 08:45 – 16:30 Dublin 3, Jones' Rd, Drumcondra, Dublin 3, Co. Dublin, Ireland 20 Nov 2024, 08:45 – 16:30 Dublin 3, Jones' Rd, Drumcondra, Dublin 3, Co. Dublin, Ireland Details Webinar | Circular Bioeconomy Transformation Methodologies Thu, 21 Nov Webinar 21 Nov 2024, 13:30 – 15:30 Webinar 21 Nov 2024, 13:30 – 15:30 Webinar Details CIRCULÉIRE Annual Conference | The Future of Business is Circular Wed, 27 Nov Mullingar 27 Nov 2024, 13:00 – 17:30 Mullingar, National Science Park, Dublin Road, Petitswood, Mullingar, Co. Westmeath, Ireland 27 Nov 2024, 13:00 – 17:30 Mullingar, National Science Park, Dublin Road, Petitswood, Mullingar, Co. Westmeath, Ireland Buy Tickets

WHAT WE DO CIRCULAR BUSINESS SUPPORTS KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE & POLICY ENGAGEMENTS ECOSYSTEM COLLABORATION Innovation Pilots From 2020 to 2022, CIRCULÉIRE actively supported the development of a circular economy in Ireland through a dedicated €1.5 million Innovation Pilot Project Fund. This initiative, backed by our strategic partners DECC, EPA, and EIT Climate-KIC, funded 10 large-scale, system-wide innovation projects within the CIRCULÉIRE network. ​ The Innovation Pilot Project Fund aimed to identify, test, and scale innovative circular solutions, with a focus on circular manufacturing systems, supply chains, and circular business models. ​ Over the lifespan of this pilot, nine network participants were awarded funding to explore circularity within their sectors and collaborated with fellow CIRCULÉIRE participants and actors from the external circular ecosystem to bring their projects to life. ​ To learn more about upcoming calls for proposals, application processes, and deadlines, keep an eye on CIRCULÉIRE's Latest News section (Inc link to news) and social media channels. ​ See below for an overview of the successful circular economy demonstration projects funded by CIRCULÉIRE's Innovation Pilot Project Fund. 2022 2021 2020 Circular by Design Project Lead: Design & Crafts Council of Ireland Project Partner: National College of Art and Design ​ The global textiles and apparel industry is the joint third highest emitter of greenhouse gases globally and operates in an almost completely linear ‘take-make-waste’ system. To address this challenge, The Design and Crafts Council Ireland (DCCI), the National College of Art and Design (NCAD) and the Creative Futures Academy (CFA) came together to design and launch ‘Circular By Design’; a first-of-a-kind training programme that supports textile and fashion designers, brands and manufacturers to make the transition to circular practices in every step of their design practice, value chain and business model. ​ In its pilot year, Circular By Design equipped Irish businesses with the necessary knowledge and skills to create materials, products, and entire business models built on circularity principles. Participants gained a foundational understanding of the circular economy and redesign their value propositions, materials, products, services, and business models for a more sustainable future. Circularising Single Use Plastics (C-SUP) Project Lead: Novelplast Project Partners: Irish Green Labs | Technical University of the Shannon | CÚRAM University of Galway | Connacht-Ulster Waste Regional Waste Office | Eventec | Climate 23 ​ Irish laboratories rely heavily on large quantities of high-quality, carbon-intensive, single-use plastics. Most of this plastic, often polypropylene pipette tips, comes from Germany, the UK, or the US, and is incinerated in Ireland after just one use. A national audit carried out by University of Galway and Irish Manufacturing Research identified these pipette tips as the most common plastic lab waste. ​ The C-SUP demonstration project tackled this challenge by turning these single-use polypropylene plastics into a valuable feedstock for Irish recyclers. Creating a circular system where lab waste becomes a resource, empowering researchers to minimize their environmental impact. ​ Through dissemination via the Irish Green Labs network, the project aims to make purchasing recycled polypropylene labware the standard practice across thousands of Irish laboratories. READ CASE STUDY READ CASE STUDY Do More with Less Project Lead: Farrell Furniture Project Partners: Atlantic Technological University Connemara | Office of Public Works This collaborative furniture take-back and remanufacturing project is an innovative shift towards green procurement by the Irish Government. Through a collaborative effort, Do More with Less, aims to develop and implement circularity within the public sector. There are two streams within this project. Stream One – Remanufacturing for Continued Use : Obsolete office furniture that was created by Farrell Furniture in the mid 2000’s is retrieved from the OPW. It is then repaired, remanufactured, and redistributed through the public sector. Stream Two – Preserving Design Heritage: The Crannac Chair, a classic chair design that is no longer produced will be studied and reverse-engineered by ATU Connemara. Allowing their future repair and reuse and keeping a classic piece of Irish Design in use for many years to come. READ 'DO MORE WITH LESS' CASE STUDY READ 'CRANNAC CHAIR' CASE STUDY Medical Devices a New Life (MEDAL) Project Lead: Offerre Project Partners: FPD Recycling | University of Limerick ​ The healthcare sector is a significant contributor to environmental pollution, responsible for roughly 4.6% of global greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. An increased reliance on single-use medical devices, particularly in high-income countries, has had a large impact on this. The collection high-cost and low-volume of these devices has left traditional take-back schemes are often abandoned by producers. ​ MEDAL offers a cost-efficient reprocessing system that extends the lifespan of medical devices without compromising on product integrity or strict reprocessing protocols. Designed with key stakeholders and regulations in mind, the system prioritises high performance, user convenience, producer engagement, and overall system integrity. ​ The Pilot assesses automation solutions for cleaning and de-manufacturing and supports the circular design of products and packaging. The system also provides a cloud-based platform allowing device consumers to interact with the producers. READ CASE STUDY Upcycled Insulation Project Lead: Cirtex Ltd Project Partners: Tipperary County Council | Clothes Pod (https://www.clothespod.ie/ ) | Interior Creations ​ Every year, tens of thousands of tonnes of mattresses, furniture, bedding, and industrial offcuts are sent to waste in Ireland. Currently, Ireland has no answer to upcycling this end-of life material. Cirtex is a new Irish company that is seeking to turn this soft padding material into insulation and other useful products that can be further upcycled when they reach their “end of life”. ​ The Upcycled Insulation project, in collaboration with Tipperary County Council, Clothes POD, and Interior Creations, demonstrates how to effectively collect these materials from the public in a clean and efficient manner and convert it into high-quality insulation for housing and padding for furniture and bedding companies. ​ This solution not only diverts massive amounts of waste from landfill, but also provides the construction, furniture, and bedding industries with a sustainable alternative for their production needs. READ CASE STUDY Circular Economy & The Power of Many Project Lead: Freefoam Building Products Project Partners: Glenveagh | Mulligan Guttering | Shabra Recycling ​ In 2021, the EU generated an estimated 188.7 kg of packaging waste per inhabitant, with construction packaging waste playing a significant role. READ MORE The CE Power of Many initiative aims to implement a take-back scheme for unused roofline building products and packaging delivered to construction sites to prevent waste ending up in landfills. ​ Freefoam, CE Power of Many Project Lead, are implementing this take-back scheme for the left-over products and packaging associated with their products. Furthermore, they are reviewing existing packaging to optimise its recovery and reuse. ​ This project has also led Freefoam to partner with Shabra Plastics to develop a closed loop system from Freefoam’s production plant in Cork to Shabra’s plant in Monaghan, for all PE-LD and cardboard that flows into Freefoam. READ CASE STUDY RoboCRM | Advanced Robotics To Capture Critical Raw Materials In WEEE Recycling For A Circular Economy Project Lead: FPD Recycling Project Partners: University of Limerick | Robotics & Drives ​ In the Electronics and Electric Equipment (EEE) sector, great strides are already being made towards circularity through the increased growth of WEEE recycling. Current methods however, struggle to recover all valuable Critical Raw Materials (CRM) from electronic devices. Modern appliances often have integrated batteries which cannot be easily accessed or removed. During WEEE recycling the process to harvest appliance batteries and their CRMs can be dangerous and inefficient for humans to carry out. ​ RoboCRM uses non-destructive, AI powered detection methods and pattern recognition to identify and sort batteries and electronics containing batteries from the main WEEE stream. Allowing for safer and more efficient processing, and a higher recovery rate of CRMs in the recycling process, closing the loop on battery recycling in the WEEE system. READ CASE STUDY SUCCESS Sustainable Use of Carbon Contributes to Environmentally Sustainable Systems Project Lead: Dawn Meats Project Partners: BHSL Waste Solutions | University of Limerick Dawn Meats, one of Europe’s largest food processing companies, produces over 430,000 tonnes of added value meat products annually. Through their SUCCESS Pilot Project, they aim to transform Ireland's meat processing sector into a circular economy model by maximising renewable energy from by-products and residues. Partnering with BHSL, a proven technology provider in the poultry sector, and researchers from the University of Limerick, SUCCESS has identified the potential to transform animal by-products and sludge into green energy through BHSL's small-scale, energy conversion technology. ​ SUCCESS seeks to deliver Ireland’s first circular meat processing demonstration plant extracting maximum renewable energy from processing side-streams and residues while creating a high-value end product to service the growing biofertilizer sector. READ CASE STUDY CESI Circular Economy Skills Initiative Project Lead: WEEE Ireland Project Partners: Fasttrack into IT | White Goods Association ​ Repair to extend a product’s lifecycle is a core element of functional circular economy. For repair to be a viable option in White Goods WEEE however, there needs to be skilled workforce capable of carrying out maintenance on appliances, a service that is lacking in Ireland. ​ The Circular Economy Skills Initiative (CESI) project addresses the skills and training bottleneck that exists by developing the first QQI-accredited appliance repair qualification course in Ireland, upskilling and training much needed repair and reuse specialists. ​ CESI was developed with support and input from the White Goods Association ensuring that the training and modules would address industry requirements and provide the most value to participants and consumers alike. READ CASE STUDY Lithium Long Life Battery (LLLB) Project Lead: WEEE Ireland Project Partners: Wisetek | KMK Metals ​ Long-Life Lithium Batteries (LLLBs) from electric vehicles (EVs), IT equipment, and energy storage systems offer a valuable resource for a more circular Irish economy. After reaching their first life (typically 7-10 years in EVs), these batteries still hold significant potential. The LLLB-CE project aims to unlock this potential by establishing a comprehensive LLLB management system in Ireland, allowing for the safe removal, collection, sorting, and discharging of these batteries. ​ Developing this process and training more people in the environmental management of LLLB will create employment opportunities across the sector. Encouraging new training pathways for circular economy upskilling of current operatives in the material sorting and recycling sector in Ireland. READ CASE STUDY

THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY WHAT IS IT? BENEFITS ENABLERS STRATEGIES SECTORAL OPPORTUNITIES Circularity is a new way to design, make and use goods and materials The circular economy is an economic model that is restorative and regenerative by design. The circular economy stems from the realisation that Earth is a finite system constrained by planetary boundaries. Ultimately in nature the concept of waste does not exist – everything is transformed into a resource that can be utilised. ​ The circular economy aims to keep materials, components, and products in-use in the economy for as long as possible. In circularity, the key objective is to design consumption and production systems to create and retain value. ​ Circularity seeks to optimise every aspect of a product’s lifecycle, from raw material extraction to manufacturing and first use, and multiple use-lives thereafter; through product re-design, new business models and novel technologies and processes. ​ The global and European decarbonisation transition agenda has led to increased emphasis on promoting circular economy policies and initiatives at national and regional levels, and in many contexts, has been accompanied with an increased strengthening of statutory decarbonisation reuse/repair, recycling and waste reduction targets. ​ Embedding circular economy practices into production and consumption systems is fundamental to realising Ireland and Europe's shared ambition for a net-zero carbon and circular future. The 2019 introduction of the European Green Deal made a transition to the circular economy a necessity to making Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. In 2021, the Government of Ireland followed suit by enacting its own Circular Economy Strategy and enshrining the Circular Economy Act in law in 2022. These significant policies solidify the circular economy as the foundation pillar of Ireland's climate and economic development agendas into the future.​ Benefits of the Circular Economy MACRO-ECONOMIC Circular business models enable the decoupling of GDP from resource use and can deliver significant: • Economic growth through value creation and cost savings • Decarbonisation and resilience to resource price volatility • Security of supply through the creation of secondary raw material markets ENVIRONMENTAL Circularity is a key to decarbonisation and contributes to UN SDGs and ESG. Key environmental benefits include: • Decarbonisation and carbon emission reductions from waste elimination • Reductions of virgin material extraction (across materials, water, and energy nexus) • Reduction in biodiversity loss associated with virgin material extraction SOCIAL Scaling circularity can contribute to addressing labour market skill gaps and regional unemployment. Key social benefits include: • Significant job creation, job retention, and upskilling potential • Quality work at all skill levels • Cost savings from products-as-a-service and remanufactured/refurbished goods BUSINESS The circular economy represents a significant innovation and differentiation opportunity for enterprise. Key industry benefits include: • Resilience to resource price-volatility and supply-chain shocks • New revenue models and value creation opportunities • Enhanced customer relationships and enhanced customer loyalty Enablers of the Circular Economy Widespread support of the circular economy is essential for a smooth and successful transition. Behind the scenes of this global movement are individuals, organisations, and systems acting as catalysts for change to mainstream circularity. Without enablers of the circular economy on a wide scale to smooth the way for change and foster practices and policy to encourage circularity, change wouldn’t be possible. Industry 4.0 Digitalisation Circularity is enabled by digital technologies and strategies referred to collectively as the Fourth Industrial Revolution or “Industry 4.0”. Digitalisation strategies include the Internet of Things, block-chain, advanced robotics and automation, artificial intelligence, remote-sensing, and 3-D printing amongst others. Digitalisation is a key enabler of the circular economy because of the importance that information plays in keeping materials, components, and products in-use in the economy. From data-driven circular processes in manufacturing sites, to real-time resource usage information across product life cycles and value chains, to material specifications contained in digital material passports to optimised reverse logistics. Mobilising Finance Faster mobilisation of capital is one of the key ingredients needed to accelerate the transition to a circular economy. Current funding & investment models largely ignore linear risks associated with linear business practices, e.g., scarcity of primary resources, volatility of resource prices and increasingly stringent environmental laws, but that is starting to change. Some key examples of circular financing developments include: •The Joint Initiative on Circular Economy (JICE), launched by the European Union’s largest public promotional banks and institutions •The Mulilateral Development Banks (MDBs) have established a joint working group to focus on continued support for circular economy approaches •Intesa Sanpaolo set up the Plafond, a dedicated €8 billion credit facility (extended in 2020 from an initial €5 billion) for innovative companies with business practices aligned to circular economy principles. •Investment giant BlackRock launched the BGF Circular Economy Fund which invests globally at least 80% of its total assets in the equity securities (i.e. shares) of companies globally that benefit from, or contribute to, the advancement of the “Circular Economy”. Cross-Sectoral Collaboration Policy & Regulatory Frameworks European policy has been a key driver in the transition towards a circular economy. The 2020 EU Green Deal placed circularity at the centre stage, promoting sustainable business practices for a future-proof economy. The recent introduction of the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD), closely links a company’s resource use with its sustainability performance. For the first time, the ESRS E5 standard within the CSRD mandates reporting on resource consumption, waste generation, circular design, and material recovery. This encourages companies to assess their circularity across their entire value chain. In Ireland, the upcoming third update of the Climate Action Plan (due in 2024) reinforces this commitment. The plan outlines a roadmap to achieve Ireland's climate goals and promotes circular innovation through policy measures like Green Public Procurement. These measures incentivize wider adoption of circular strategies across Irish businesses. Global circularity currently stands at just 7.2% (Circle Economy, 2023). To progress the circular economy, cross-sectoral synergies are vital to transforming linear business models to circular ones. This collaborative approach can be seen throughout the CIRCULÉIRE network. Our Innovation Pilot Projects and member projects such as The ZeroNet’s C2X Smart Waste Pilot perfectly exemplify how knowledge sharing and capacity building can unlock circular solutions. Novel forms of multi-stakeholder collaborations are pivotal because they demonstrate and exemplify the value of circularity and contribute to the transformation of industrial sectors through mainstreaming circularity thinking. Enabling Infrastructure The transition from a linear “take-make-waste" model to a circular economy in Ireland requires infrastructural change. For example: •Collaborative online platforms to facilitate sharing, renting, or leasing products to extend their lifespan. •Efficient reverse logistics networks that enable refurbishment or remanufacturing through take-back or collection schemes •Real-time digital marketplaces that can facilitate industrial symbiosis between industries and sectors by harvesting underutilised resources from one another. •Expanding investment in local and national recycling plants to capture valuable materials currently lost from industrial waste due to insufficient economies of scale. Mindset Change Social factors, particularly environmental values and beliefs are having a direct impact on consumer behaviour. This is driving consumers towards the more sustainable option, leading to a demand driven shift in how manufacturers are managing their supply chains. The rise of social enterprises that promote access over ownership such as clothing rental online stores and apps, are making it easier for consumers to choose a more circular option. Circular Economy Strategies Design for Circularity Product-Service-Systems (PSS) Re-Use & Shared Use Remanufacturing Repair & Refurbishment Take-Back Schemes & Reverse Logistics Industrial Symbiosis Recycling Design for Circularity Design for Circularity refers to the process in which companies seek to re-design their products and associated business models to enable the retention of embedded value. Design for Circularity is aligned with Eco-Design and seeks to anticipate and minimize negative environmental impacts associated with manufacture, use and disposal of products. Design for Circularity gives priority to design principles and strategies which enable materials, components, and products to have multiple use-lives in our economy. Product-Service-Systems (PSS) A product-service-system (PSS) describes the transformation of a traditional product offering into a product-service model where ownership of a product is retained by the manufacturer or distributer. In PSS, end-users are given access to products through pay-per-use, short-term rental, or long-term lease models. Central to successful PSS are products that are designed for; longevity, and backward and forward compatibility, utilise predictive maintenance and have an enabling service network which ensures high-quality performance. Re-Use & Shared Use Re-use refers to when a product or component is used again for the same purpose. Shared Use refers to collaborative consumption (e.g. Peer-to-Peer or B2C) or asset sharing (B2B). New B2B business models are emerging which facilitate the sharing of overcapacity of business equipment and even the underutilised skills and knowledge of personnel. Re-Use and Shared Use are cornerstones of the circular economy because they increase the utilisation of products across multiple use-lives. Remanufacturing ​ Remanufacturing is when a used product is returned to the standard of an equivalent new product. Remanufacturing involves the disassembly, restoration, replacement and testing of the individual components and the product itself to ensure it complies with its original design specifications. Remanufactured products come with warranties assuring that products meet like-new performance standards. These warranties are at least equal to that of a newly manufactured equivalent. Repair & Refurbishment ​ Repair refers to the process through which apparent faults and product malfunctions are rectified. Refurbishment goes a step further and entails activities to refinish and sanitize a product, so it is fit to serve its original function. Refurbishment results in a product that is in good condition but is not directly comparable with a new or remanufactured product. While important resource-life extension strategies, neither repair nor refurbishment guarantee the product will perform like new. Take-Back Schemes & Reverse Logistics Take-Back Schemes are programmes implemented by companies to recover products or packaging from end-users so they can be repaired, re-used, remanufactured, or recycled to recover the embedded value in raw materials. Take-Back Schemes are underpinned by what is referred to as Reverse Logistics. Reverse Logistics refers to when goods move from end-users back to the retailer/distributor, original manufacturer or a third-party repair, re-use, or recycling organisation. Industrial Symbiosis ​ Industrial Symbiosis (IS) refers to a collaboration between two or more geographically close companies whereby residuals or by-products of one industry or industrial process become the raw materials for another process within a manufacturing site (Closed-Loop Production) or industry. Industrial Symbiosis includes: the capture, recovery, and re-use of waste (materials, water, or energy) and the development of secondary raw material markets and logistics networks to facilitate by-product exchange or co-product development. Recycling ​ Recycling is the collection and processing of discarded materials and transformation into secondary raw materials. There are three types of recycling – mechanical, thermodynamic or energy recovery. Mechanical refers to when residuals are mechanically transformed without changing their chemical structure. Thermodynamic (chemical) involves breaking materials into their molecular components to create raw materials for new products. Energy recovery by combustion – a last resort – is when waste is transformed into usable heat, electricity, or fuel. Sectoral Opportunities Food & Drink BioPharmaChem Built Environment Packaging Electronics & Batteries Plastics Furniture Textiles Food & Drink Ireland's renowned food & drink sector, including over 700 manufacturers and employing over 160,000 people (Teagasc ), faces a critical challenge: reducing its environmental footprint. Currently, agriculture contributes nearly 39% of Ireland's greenhouse gas emissions (SEAI ). The agri-food sector holds immense potential for embracing circularity and reducing its environmental impact. ​ This can be achieved through several key approaches. First, by optimising production processes, the sector can minimise waste generation and energy consumption. Second, closed-loop production systems can be designed, where food processing byproducts are reused as valuable inputs within the production chain, minimising the need for external resources. Finally, valorisation through cascading utilises food waste and byproducts to create high-value secondary raw materials for other industries, such as bioplastics or biofuels. BioPharmaChem Ireland is home to a thriving pharmaceutical sector, with over 90 biopharma manufacturing plants housing all the top 10 global players and 14 of the world's leading multinationals. However, stringent hygiene protocols often lead to high material use. Recognising this environmental challenge, the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations (EPFIA) sees the circular economy as a key solution for reducing the sector's carbon footprint within its highly regulated environment. ​ The pharmaceutical industry has significant opportunities to embrace circularity. A key focus is shifting towards renewable biomaterials, a more sustainable alternative to traditional materials. Additionally, by leveraging new technologies like automation and 3D printing, pharmaceutical companies can significantly reduce waste generation throughout the manufacturing process. Construction & Building The construction sector is a significant contributor to the European economy, generating roughly 5.5% of GDP and employing apx 7.6 million people (CEDEFOP, 2023 ) However, it also faces a sustainability challenge. Globally, construction is responsible for an estimated 37% of carbon emissions, and in Europe alone, construction and demolition waste makes up a third of all waste, with only half currently recycled (UNEP, 2023 ). ​ The circular economy offers a path to a more sustainable future for construction. One key opportunity involves designing buildings as "material banks." This means planning structures with the eventual disassembly and reuse of their materials in mind. Imagine buildings as repositories of valuable resources waiting for their next life cycle. ​ Furthermore, improvements in waste logistics and the development of novel recycling techniques can significantly improve construction and demolition waste recovery and reuse rates. Packaging Packaging waste in Europe hit a record high in 2021, with an average of 188.7kg generated per person (EC, 2021 ). While packaging plays a vital role in protecting products, enabling efficient logistics, and communicating brand messages, its environmental impact demands a rethink. ​ The Government of Ireland's Waste Action Plan for a Circular Economy recognises this challenge and sets an ambitious goal: all packaging to be reusable or recyclable by 2030. The packaging sector has significant circular opportunities to meet this target. ​ A key focus is reducing unnecessary packaging through "design for light-weighting." This means using less material while still ensuring product integrity. Furthermore, promoting reusable and recyclable packaging systems minimises waste generation. ​ Another strategy is simplifying packaging complexity. This could involve reducing the variety of materials used in a single package or eliminating hard-to-recycle polymers. Additionally, developing effective refill systems and reusable packaging solutions can significantly reduce waste at the consumer level. Electronics & Batteries Electronic waste, or e-waste, is the fastest growing waste stream in Europe, surging by 2% annually, with a recycling rate of 42.8% (Statista, 2022 ). The European Commission, recognizing this challenge, has proposed a "Circular Electronics Initiative" to address this mounting issue. Similar concerns are echoed in Ireland, where over 66,000 tonnes of e-waste were collected for treatment in 2022 alone (EPA, 2022 ). ​ The electronics and ICT sector has significant opportunities to embrace circularity and become a more sustainable industry. A key focus is on designing for longevity. This means creating electronics built to last longer, potentially through modular components or upgradeable features, encouraging multiple lifespans for these devices. Additionally, designing for disassembly is crucial. By simplifying the dismantling process, valuable rare earth materials can be easily recovered and reused in new products, minimizing reliance on virgin resources. Plastics Plastic's versatility and recyclability make it a cornerstone of modern life. However, with plastic consumption projected to double in the next two decades and pollution a growing concern, the European Union is taking action. The EU Strategy for Plastics in a Circular Economy and the Directive on Single-Use Plastic Products aim to minimise the environmental impact of plastic waste. This directive, embedded into Irish law in 2021, represents a significant step forward. Under these new plans, all plastic packaging on the EU market must be recyclable by 2030. The EU has set Ireland a target to separate and collect 70% of plastic beverage bottles by 2025, rising to 90% in 2029. In response, the Government of Ireland launched a Deposit Return Scheme to create a closed loop recycling system guaranteeing the material is returned and recycled. ​ There are a variety of opportunities available for the Plastic sector to embrace circularity. A key focus is moving away from single-use plastics, a major contributor to waste. Exploring bio-based and biodegradable alternatives offers a promising path. Additionally, eliminating complex, hard-to-recycle polymers from plastic products will streamline the recycling process and increase resource recovery rates. Furniture The European Union is one of the largest furniture manufacturers globally, producing nearly a quarter of the world's furniture €110 billion market dominated by SMEs (Furniture Industry in Europe, 2024 ). However, a significant challenge looms – Europe discards an estimated 10.5 million tonnes of furniture annually (EEB, 2017 ). ​ The Irish furniture sector, encompassing diverse areas like cabinetry, bedding, and office furniture, has massive potential to embrace circularity. One key strategy is to design furniture with disassembly and easy repair in mind. This allows furniture to have multiple lifespans through remanufacturing or refurbishment, minimizing waste destined for landfills. An example of this can be found in the Do More with Less Innovation Pilot Project led by CIRCULÉIRE member Farrell Furniture that moved Irish Government's Office of Public Works from linear to circular procurement. ​ Additionally, the industry can explore using recycled materials in furniture production, creating a closed-loop system that reduces reliance on virgin resources. Other sustainable and recyclable materials can also be explored as alternatives to traditional furniture components, reducing environmental impact. Textiles & Clothing The fashion industry grapples with a significant environmental challenge. In Ireland the generation of post-consumer textile waste is estimated at 35KG per person per year, this is higher than the reported EU average of 26Kg per person per year (O’Leary et al, 2021). While domestic textile production is limited, resulting in the import of much of the associated environmental impact, this waste stream presents a unique opportunity for the Irish sector. ​ A key strategy is to scale up existing efforts in redesign and repurposing used textiles. This can involve transforming old clothes into new garments, utilising second-hand fashion through “thrifting”, or embracing digital transitions to online fashion rental. By extending the lifespan of these materials, the industry can divert waste from landfills and create unique, sustainable products. ​ Furthermore, Ireland can explore the exciting potential of "reshoring" textile manufacturing, which involves developing innovative methods to transform textile waste into high-quality secondary raw materials. This approach not only reduces reliance on virgin resources and associated emissions, but also fosters a more localised and sustainable textile industry in Ireland.

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